The following glossary contains terms used commonly in the paint and coatings industry to describe the characteristics, usage and components of paints and coatings.Results for "F"
Facade
The exterior front of a building.
Face frame
A frame of stiles and rails that is applied to the face of a cabinet for style and strength. The face frame is often used to hide plywood edges.
Face rusting
The appearance of rust on an apparently unblemished painted surface.
Faceplate
The decorative plate installed over a switch or receptacle. The plate also covers the wall opening and thus protects the wiring.
Factory edge
The edge finish put on wood and panels at the mill.
Fading
The gradual loss of color of a paint film due to a chemical or physical change. Usually due to pigment degradation by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
Lightening of the paint’s color, usually caused by exposure to light, heat or the weather.
False body
Thixotropic flow property of a suspension or dispersion. A composition which thins down on stirring is said to exhibit false body.
Fan pattern
The geometry of a spray pattern.
Faraday cage effect
The phenomenon by which charged particles are prevented from entering recessed areas. It is due to the curvature of electric force lines to the nearest grounded surface.
Fatigue
A process leading to fracture resulting from repeated stress cycles well below the normal tensile strength. Such failures start as tiny cracks which grow to cause total failure.
Fatty acids
Commonly produced by chemical splitting of fats and oils with glycerin as a by-product. The long chains of drying oil fatty acids have points of reactivity though which two chains join during drying and thereby change a film from liquid to solid.
Faux
The French word for "false." With regard to painting finishes, it is used to describe any technique in which paint is manipulated on a surface to imitate the appearance of another substance, such as wood or stone.
Faux finish
A decorative paint technique that imitates a pattern found in nature, such as marble or wood.
Faux painting
Various painting techniques that mimic wood, marble and other stones.
Feather edge
Reduced film thickness at the edge of a dry paint film in order to produce a smooth, continuous appearance.
Feathering
A process used to blend a small area into its surroundings after spot-priming, applying a filler, or scraping off an area of old paint.
Ferrous
A metal that contains iron; most ferrous metals are subject to rusting.
Feature strip
A long, narrow resilient tile trim piece often interspersed in a resilient tile floor to provide contrast and design.
Federal
An architectural and decorative style popular in America during the early nineteenth century, featuring delicate ornamentation, usually of swags and urns, and symmetrically arranged rooms.
Feel
The working quality of a paint: how it spreads, covers, and dries. Painters like to use a paint that "feels" right to them.
Ferrous metal primer
Specially formulated primer applied to iron-bearing metal. Commonly needed for gutters and flashing.
Ferrule
The metal part of a paintbrush that holds the bristles to the handle.
Fiber cement siding
Siding composed of cement, sand and cellulose fiber that has been cured under pressure to increase its strength and stability. The fiber is added to reinforce the concrete and prevent cracking.
Filler
A material, usually containing considerable quantities of pigment, used to build up or fill depressions and imperfections on the surface.
Filler coat
The middle or second coat of joint compound in a three-coat application.
Film
A layer of coating or paint.
Film Build
Amount of thickness produced in an application. Millimeters (mils) of dry film per mils of applied wet film.
Film Thickness
Depth or thickness of the dry coating in millimeters.
Film thickness gauge
A device for measuring wet or dry film thickness.
Film formation
The formation of a continuous dry film by a binder, either pigmented or not. In a latex paint this process is the result of the water evaporating and the subsequent fusion of the binder particles.
Film integrity
The continuity of a coating free of defects.
Filter
Cloth or other media used to remove particles from a liquid substance.
Fineness of grind
The degree of dispersion of particles within a liquid.
Fingernail test
A physical test upon the dried film of a finishing material to denote the ease with which it can be marred, scratched, flaked or broken. The test is often performed by picking at the finish with the edge of the nail of the thumb or index finger.
Finial
A decorative element at the top of a post. You can purchase posts with precut finials, cut your own or purchase separate finials to attach to posts.
Finish
(1)Final coat in a painting system. (2)Sometimes refers to the entire coating system; the texture, color and smoothness of a surface, and other properties affecting appearance.
Fire resistance
The ability of a coating to withstand fire or to protect the substrate to which it is applied from fire damage.
Fire Retardant
A coating which will
Small craters in a new finish that are the result of an adverse reaction between the finish and substances such as wax or oil on the surface.
Fish oil
A natural oil extracted from fish characterized by a large group of saturated fatty acids. The fatty acids derived from fish oils are three principal types: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. The fish oil commonly used in the coatings industry is menhaden oil, produced from menhaden fish caught along the Atlantic coast of the United States.
Fixture
Any fixed part of the structural design, such as tubs, bidets, toilets and lavatories.
Flat
A surface that scatters or absorbs the light falling on it so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen (0-15 gloss on a 60-degree gloss meter).
Flags
A word describing bristles with split ends, which help hold the paint.
Flakeboard
The same as particleboard.
Flaking
The detachment of pieces of paint from the substrate, caused by a loss of adhesion and/or elasticity.
Flammability
The ability of a substance to ignite, having a flash point under 100 degrees F (37.5 degrees C).
Flammable liquids
Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 degrees F
Flash point
Lowest temperature at which a substance in an open vessel gives off enough vapors to produce a flash of fire when a flame is passed near the surface.
Flash-off time
Time which must be allowed after the application of a paint film in order that the initial solvents are released, which prevents bubbling.
Flash
Uneven gloss or color resulting from an unsealed substrate or excessively high or low temperatures during drying.
Flat paint
A paint with little or no sheen. Used mostly on interior walls and ceilings, and exterior wall areas.
Flashing
Wood or veneer so sawed that the annual rings form an angle of less than 45 degrees with the surface of the piece.
Flatting agent
Pigment added to reduce gloss or give a "rubbed" look. Some flatting agents are zinc stearate, silica, and talc.
Flexibility
The degree to which a coating is able to conform to movement or deformation of its supporting surface without cracking or flaking.
Float
A long-handled tool used to smooth (darby) a concrete surface after screeding; requires two handlers.
Floating
The process of smoothing the surface of a pour with a float made of steel, aluminum, magnesium or wood. This action drives large aggregate below the surface.
Flocculation
Formation of clusters of particles separated by relatively weak mechanical forces or by change in physical forces at the interface between liquid and solid particles. May cause loss of tinting strength, hiding power or change flow properties.
Flogger/dragger
A wide, long-bristled brush that can be dragged through or slapped over wet paint or glaze to stimulate texture or to create a pattern.
Flogging brushes
Wide, long-bristled brushes used to texture surfaces by dragging or slapping wet paint or glaze. Also called draggers.
Flooding
The process of color change which a paint undergoes from the freshly applied material to the finished dried film.
Floral patterns
Any pattern or arrangement of flowers printed as the decorative surface of wallpaper or fabric.
Flow
The degree to which a wet paint film can level out after application so as to eliminate brush or roller marks and produce a smooth uniform finish.
Flow coat
A coat of finishing material applied to a vertical surface in an excessive amount, the surplus being allowed to flow down over the surface and drip off the bottom edge.
Fluid tip
The orifice in a spray gun to which the needle is seated.
Fluorescent
A class of pigments which, when exposed to visible light, emit light of a different wave length producing a bright appearance.
Foaming
Formation of bubbles (foaming) and resulting small, round concave depressions (cratering) when bubbles break in a paint film, during paint application and drying.
Foam brush
An 1- to 4-inch, taper-edged foam pad on a stick for applying stain and painting window muntins.
Foam in a can
Polyurethane foam sealant packaged in a pressure can. Used to fill irregular, hard-to-reach cracks and gaps that cannot be plugged effectively with caulks and gaskets.
Focal point
The first wall you see upon entering a room. To find the main focal wall in a room with multiple entries, you will have to determine the room's dominant flow of traffic.
Folding attic stairways
Ladder-like stairs easily pulled down to provide access to an attic.
Folding stairs
Stairs easily pulled down to provide access to an attic.
Force drying
The acceleration of drying by increasing the ambient temperature usually to between 100° and 150°F.
Fouling
Marine growth such as weeds or barnacles adhering to submerged surfaces.
Frame, door or window
The assembly attached to the structure that contains a door or window sash.
Framed cabinet
A cabinet with a full frame across the face of the cabinet box.
Frameless Cabinet
A cabinet without a face frame. It may also be called a "European-style" cabinet.
Freeze-thaw resistance
Extent to which water-based paints, utilizing synthetic latices or synthetic resin emulsions as vehicles
A solution of shellac in alcohol used to give furniture a shiny finish. The alcohol evaporates to leave a thin coating of shellac on the piece.
French Wash
Painting in opaque watercolour. The pigment have a gum binder, and the filler is invariably some form of opaque white (such as clay or barite) which gives a typical 'chalky' look even to dark hue.
Fretting
Metal deterioration caused by repetitive slip at the interface between two surfaces.
Frieze
A horizontal band at the top of the wall or just below the cornice.
Frieze board
Trim board nailed horizontally on a building wall directly beneath rafters to provide a nailing surface for soffits and cornice trim.
Frosting
Frosting appears as a white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Although frosting can appear on any color, it is most visible on darker colors. When it occurs on masonry it is sometimes mistaken for efflorescence.
Fungicidal paint
Paint which discourages the growth of fungii on its dry applied film
Fungicide
A substance poisonous to fungi which retards or kills mold and mildew growth.
The following glossary contains terms used commonly in the paint and coatings industry to describe the characteristics, usage and components of paints and coatings.
The exterior front of a building.
Face frame
A frame of stiles and rails that is applied to the face of a cabinet for style and strength. The face frame is often used to hide plywood edges.
Face rusting
The appearance of rust on an apparently unblemished painted surface.
Faceplate
The decorative plate installed over a switch or receptacle. The plate also covers the wall opening and thus protects the wiring.
Factory edge
The edge finish put on wood and panels at the mill.
Fading
The gradual loss of color of a paint film due to a chemical or physical change. Usually due to pigment degradation by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
Lightening of the paint’s color, usually caused by exposure to light, heat or the weather.
False body
Thixotropic flow property of a suspension or dispersion. A composition which thins down on stirring is said to exhibit false body.
Fan pattern
The geometry of a spray pattern.
Faraday cage effect
The phenomenon by which charged particles are prevented from entering recessed areas. It is due to the curvature of electric force lines to the nearest grounded surface.
Fatigue
A process leading to fracture resulting from repeated stress cycles well below the normal tensile strength. Such failures start as tiny cracks which grow to cause total failure.
Fatty acids
Commonly produced by chemical splitting of fats and oils with glycerin as a by-product. The long chains of drying oil fatty acids have points of reactivity though which two chains join during drying and thereby change a film from liquid to solid.
Faux
The French word for "false." With regard to painting finishes, it is used to describe any technique in which paint is manipulated on a surface to imitate the appearance of another substance, such as wood or stone.
Faux finish
A decorative paint technique that imitates a pattern found in nature, such as marble or wood.
Faux painting
Various painting techniques that mimic wood, marble and other stones.
Feather edge
Reduced film thickness at the edge of a dry paint film in order to produce a smooth, continuous appearance.
Feathering
A process used to blend a small area into its surroundings after spot-priming, applying a filler, or scraping off an area of old paint.
Ferrous
A metal that contains iron; most ferrous metals are subject to rusting.
Feature strip
A long, narrow resilient tile trim piece often interspersed in a resilient tile floor to provide contrast and design.
Federal
An architectural and decorative style popular in America during the early nineteenth century, featuring delicate ornamentation, usually of swags and urns, and symmetrically arranged rooms.
Feel
The working quality of a paint: how it spreads, covers, and dries. Painters like to use a paint that "feels" right to them.
Ferrous metal primer
Specially formulated primer applied to iron-bearing metal. Commonly needed for gutters and flashing.
Ferrule
The metal part of a paintbrush that holds the bristles to the handle.
Fiber cement siding
Siding composed of cement, sand and cellulose fiber that has been cured under pressure to increase its strength and stability. The fiber is added to reinforce the concrete and prevent cracking.
Filler
A material, usually containing considerable quantities of pigment, used to build up or fill depressions and imperfections on the surface.
Filler coat
The middle or second coat of joint compound in a three-coat application.
Film
A layer of coating or paint.
Film Build
Amount of thickness produced in an application. Millimeters (mils) of dry film per mils of applied wet film.
Film Thickness
Depth or thickness of the dry coating in millimeters.
Film thickness gauge
A device for measuring wet or dry film thickness.
Film formation
The formation of a continuous dry film by a binder, either pigmented or not. In a latex paint this process is the result of the water evaporating and the subsequent fusion of the binder particles.
Film integrity
The continuity of a coating free of defects.
Filter
Cloth or other media used to remove particles from a liquid substance.
Fineness of grind
The degree of dispersion of particles within a liquid.
Fingernail test
A physical test upon the dried film of a finishing material to denote the ease with which it can be marred, scratched, flaked or broken. The test is often performed by picking at the finish with the edge of the nail of the thumb or index finger.
Finial
A decorative element at the top of a post. You can purchase posts with precut finials, cut your own or purchase separate finials to attach to posts.
Finish
(1)Final coat in a painting system. (2)Sometimes refers to the entire coating system; the texture, color and smoothness of a surface, and other properties affecting appearance.
Fire resistance
The ability of a coating to withstand fire or to protect the substrate to which it is applied from fire damage.
Fire Retardant
A coating which will
- (1) reduce flame spread,
- (2) resist ignition when exposed to high temperature or
- (3) insulate the substrate and delay damage to the substrate.
Small craters in a new finish that are the result of an adverse reaction between the finish and substances such as wax or oil on the surface.
Fish oil
A natural oil extracted from fish characterized by a large group of saturated fatty acids. The fatty acids derived from fish oils are three principal types: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. The fish oil commonly used in the coatings industry is menhaden oil, produced from menhaden fish caught along the Atlantic coast of the United States.
Fixture
Any fixed part of the structural design, such as tubs, bidets, toilets and lavatories.
Flat
A surface that scatters or absorbs the light falling on it so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen (0-15 gloss on a 60-degree gloss meter).
Flags
A word describing bristles with split ends, which help hold the paint.
Flakeboard
The same as particleboard.
Flaking
The detachment of pieces of paint from the substrate, caused by a loss of adhesion and/or elasticity.
Flammability
The ability of a substance to ignite, having a flash point under 100 degrees F (37.5 degrees C).
Flammable liquids
Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 degrees F
Flash point
Lowest temperature at which a substance in an open vessel gives off enough vapors to produce a flash of fire when a flame is passed near the surface.
Flash-off time
Time which must be allowed after the application of a paint film in order that the initial solvents are released, which prevents bubbling.
Flash
Uneven gloss or color resulting from an unsealed substrate or excessively high or low temperatures during drying.
Flat paint
A paint with little or no sheen. Used mostly on interior walls and ceilings, and exterior wall areas.
Flashing
- (1) A paint defect in a paint film in which patches glossier than the general finish develop, especially at joints or laps in the coating.
- (2) The non-uniform appearance, including spotty differences in color or gloss, usually due to improper or non-uniform sealing of a porous substrate.
Wood or veneer so sawed that the annual rings form an angle of less than 45 degrees with the surface of the piece.
Flatting agent
Pigment added to reduce gloss or give a "rubbed" look. Some flatting agents are zinc stearate, silica, and talc.
Flexibility
The degree to which a coating is able to conform to movement or deformation of its supporting surface without cracking or flaking.
Float
A long-handled tool used to smooth (darby) a concrete surface after screeding; requires two handlers.
Floating
The process of smoothing the surface of a pour with a float made of steel, aluminum, magnesium or wood. This action drives large aggregate below the surface.
Flocculation
Formation of clusters of particles separated by relatively weak mechanical forces or by change in physical forces at the interface between liquid and solid particles. May cause loss of tinting strength, hiding power or change flow properties.
Flogger/dragger
A wide, long-bristled brush that can be dragged through or slapped over wet paint or glaze to stimulate texture or to create a pattern.
Flogging brushes
Wide, long-bristled brushes used to texture surfaces by dragging or slapping wet paint or glaze. Also called draggers.
Flooding
The process of color change which a paint undergoes from the freshly applied material to the finished dried film.
Floral patterns
Any pattern or arrangement of flowers printed as the decorative surface of wallpaper or fabric.
Flow
The degree to which a wet paint film can level out after application so as to eliminate brush or roller marks and produce a smooth uniform finish.
Flow coat
A coat of finishing material applied to a vertical surface in an excessive amount, the surplus being allowed to flow down over the surface and drip off the bottom edge.
Fluid tip
The orifice in a spray gun to which the needle is seated.
Fluorescent
A class of pigments which, when exposed to visible light, emit light of a different wave length producing a bright appearance.
Foaming
Formation of bubbles (foaming) and resulting small, round concave depressions (cratering) when bubbles break in a paint film, during paint application and drying.
Foam brush
An 1- to 4-inch, taper-edged foam pad on a stick for applying stain and painting window muntins.
Foam in a can
Polyurethane foam sealant packaged in a pressure can. Used to fill irregular, hard-to-reach cracks and gaps that cannot be plugged effectively with caulks and gaskets.
Focal point
The first wall you see upon entering a room. To find the main focal wall in a room with multiple entries, you will have to determine the room's dominant flow of traffic.
Folding attic stairways
Ladder-like stairs easily pulled down to provide access to an attic.
Folding stairs
Stairs easily pulled down to provide access to an attic.
Force drying
The acceleration of drying by increasing the ambient temperature usually to between 100° and 150°F.
Fouling
Marine growth such as weeds or barnacles adhering to submerged surfaces.
Frame, door or window
The assembly attached to the structure that contains a door or window sash.
Framed cabinet
A cabinet with a full frame across the face of the cabinet box.
Frameless Cabinet
A cabinet without a face frame. It may also be called a "European-style" cabinet.
Freeze-thaw resistance
Extent to which water-based paints, utilizing synthetic latices or synthetic resin emulsions as vehicles
- (1) retain their original properties, free from detrimental changes in consistency, and
- (2) resist coagulation, or the formation of lumps and specks, when subjected to freezing and subsequent thawing.
A solution of shellac in alcohol used to give furniture a shiny finish. The alcohol evaporates to leave a thin coating of shellac on the piece.
French Wash
Painting in opaque watercolour. The pigment have a gum binder, and the filler is invariably some form of opaque white (such as clay or barite) which gives a typical 'chalky' look even to dark hue.
Fretting
Metal deterioration caused by repetitive slip at the interface between two surfaces.
Frieze
A horizontal band at the top of the wall or just below the cornice.
Frieze board
Trim board nailed horizontally on a building wall directly beneath rafters to provide a nailing surface for soffits and cornice trim.
Frosting
Frosting appears as a white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Although frosting can appear on any color, it is most visible on darker colors. When it occurs on masonry it is sometimes mistaken for efflorescence.
Fungicidal paint
Paint which discourages the growth of fungii on its dry applied film
Fungicide
A substance poisonous to fungi which retards or kills mold and mildew growth.
The following glossary contains terms used commonly in the paint and coatings industry to describe the characteristics, usage and components of paints and coatings.
